Which reasoning error is shown by claiming a correlation between two unrelated events due to proximity in time?

The reasoning error identified in the claim of a correlation between two unrelated events due to their temporal proximity is known as Post Hoc. This fallacy, formally referred to as "Post Hoc, Ergo Propter Hoc," suggests that because one event follows another in time, the first event must have caused the second. This reasoning is flawed because it ignores other potential factors or explanations that could be responsible for both occurrences, leading to a misleading conclusion.

In instances where events are closely related in time, it is crucial to investigate whether there is an actual causal relationship or if the similarity is coincidental. By relying solely on the timing of occurrences, this logical misstep can lead to conclusions that oversimplify complex situations and overlook the underlying dynamics involved. Understanding this helps in critically assessing claims and arguments that may improperly attribute causation based on mere succession in time.