Which of the following represents a common error in reasoning when making judgments about a population based on a specific subgroup?

The answer reflects a common error in reasoning known as hasty generalization, which occurs when conclusions about a larger population are drawn based on insufficient or unrepresentative evidence from a specific subgroup. For instance, if someone concludes that all members of a certain demographic group share a particular trait based solely on a small and non-representative sample of individuals from that group, they are making a hasty generalization.

This reasoning flaw arises from taking an observation limited in scope and applying it broadly without adequate justification. It overlooks the necessity of larger or more varied samples for reliable conclusions about the whole population. Recognizing this error is fundamental in critical thinking, as it highlights the importance of ensuring that conclusions are based on comprehensive and representative data rather than isolated instances.