When is a conclusion considered valid in a logical argument?

A conclusion in a logical argument is considered valid when it follows logically from the provided premises. This means that if the premises are true, the conclusion must also be true, demonstrating a clear logical connection between the two. Validity in this context refers to the structure of the argument rather than the actual truth of the premises; an argument can be valid even if the premises are false, as long as the conclusion logically flows from them.

In contrast, the other options do not accurately describe the nature of a valid conclusion. A conclusion derived from any premises could lack logical consistency, and emotional appeals do not constitute logical reasoning. Similarly, basing a conclusion on assumptions without a direct logical connection to the premises does not validate it. Therefore, the foundation of valid logical arguments lies in the logical linkage between premises and conclusion, underscoring option B as the correct choice.