What type of fallacious thinking occurs when inferring the capabilities of a group based on the success of one individual?

The type of fallacious thinking that occurs when inferring the capabilities of a group based on the success of one individual is known as composition. This fallacy arises when one assumes that what is true for an individual member of a group is also true for the entire group. For instance, if a single athlete excels in a sport, one might mistakenly conclude that all athletes in that same sport possess similar skills or talents. This reasoning ignores the diversity and variability that exists within any group.

The notion of composition highlights the error of making broad generalizations based on limited evidence. It emphasizes the need for careful consideration when assessing the qualities or capabilities of a larger group based on the actions or successes of individual members. By recognizing this fallacy, one can improve critical thinking and avoid oversimplified assumptions about groups.