What reasoning fallacy is represented by the assumption that a pattern observed in a small sample is true for a larger population?

The reasoning fallacy represented by the assumption that a pattern observed in a small sample applies to a larger population is known as Selected Instances. This fallacy occurs when conclusions are drawn from an insufficient sample size, leading to generalized statements that may not be valid.

For example, if someone surveys a small group of people about their favorite ice cream flavor and concludes that this group’s preference applies to the entire population, they are committing the Selected Instances fallacy. The small size of the sample does not adequately represent the broader population, and the analysis lacks the necessary breadth to support such sweeping claims.

Recognizing Selected Instances is crucial because it highlights the importance of using adequate and representative samples when making inferences about larger groups. This distinction helps in understanding the limitations of the data used in arguments and reinforces the need for careful, evidence-based reasoning.