What kind of error is made when a tourist generalizes that all New Yorkers throw garbage out of their windows based on weekend observations?

The scenario described illustrates a hasty generalization. This type of error occurs when a conclusion is drawn based on an insufficient amount of evidence. The tourist's sweeping statement about all New Yorkers throwing garbage out of their windows relies on observations made during a limited time frame—specifically, just a weekend. Without a broader perspective, including experiences on different days, in different neighborhoods, or among a larger population, the conclusion drawn is premature and lacks solid grounding.

In contrast, selected instances would involve making a judgment based on specific examples, but this is not reflected in the tourist's blanket statement about all New Yorkers. Composition refers to attributing characteristics of a part to the whole, which is not applicable here because the error is in generalizing behavior from a small sample rather than inferring about groups from individual parts. Post hoc reasoning attributes causation to an event following another without supporting evidence, which is not relevant in this case as the statement does not involve causation but rather an overgeneralization from limited observations.